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The History of Jaisalmer has a charm of its own. Like all other
cities of Rajasthan, Jaisalmer too has its own glorious past to boast about. History
of Jaisalmer draws heavily from the history of the Rajputana. The city is said to
be founded by one Raja Rawal Jaisal, a Bhatti Rajput ruler, in approximately 1156
A D. Legends go by that he did it on the behest of a local hermit named Eesaal.
The raja choose Trikut hill as the new site for his fort. This was because he thought
that his previous abode at Luderwa (16 km from present Jaisalmer) was vulnerable
towards possible enemy assault.
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In medieval times, Jaisalmer continued to be on the focus of
the masses because of its location. It falls in the way of one of the two routes,
which connected India from Persia, Egypt, Africa and the west. The Bhatti Rajput
rulers were still in line. They were the sole guardian of the city and thus mustered
enough wealth through taxes levied on the passing caravans, of which there was no
scarcity.
For many years Jaisalmer remained out of bound from the foreign rulers partly because
of its location and partly because of its relief. In the mid Thirteenth century,
Ala-ud-din Khilji, the Turk-Afghan ruler of Delhi laid the siege over the city.
He was apparently upset with the Bhatti Rajput rulers because they stopped and looted
one of his caravans containing royal coffer which was on its way to Sind. The siege
lasted for around 9 long years and when the fall seemed eminent the Rajput womenfolk
of the city committed Jauhar (self Immolation to avoid disgrace).
It is said that Duda, the son of Raja Jaisimha, fought vehemently in the battle
but was overpowered after the fierce hand to hand combat. He died fighting. His
descendants continued to rule the city. Though they had a cordial relation with
the Mughal rulers in Delhi, they fought unsuccessfully with Emperor Humayun. Emperor
Shah Jahan gave the right of governance to Sabala Simha, who had the royal patronage
and had shown remarkable valor to win the Battle of Peshawar.
In the modern era, Jaisalmer was still a tough nut to crack and was the last among
the Rajputana royals to sign the 'Instrument of Agreement' with the British establishment.
Even that was achieved after long hours on the negotiation table and after much
cajoling from the British establishment in India. In the year 1947, royals signed
the agreement to remain in just independent India. Since then it has developed itself
into a major tourist destination as well as a cultural hub of the western India.
Jaisalmer is a magnificent city of historic importance and occupies a unique place
in the world of its grand history. The Fort and Golden City of Jaisalmer founded
by Maharawal Chundarvanshi (Lunar race) Yadav Bhati Rajput Jaisal in 1156 A.D. The
Bhati Rajputs, a warrior family caste of Rajasthan were descendants of Lord Krishna.
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Jaisalmer was the great trade centre of western Rajasthan and
connected with silk route. Caravans of camels were constantly passing through the
state, and usually through the city of Jaisalmer on trips going east or west. The
district of Jaisalmer is mostly sandy desert, but there are many rocky plateaus
and elevated ridges, with alluvial valleys in between.
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Average temperature (Celsius):
Summer 42 °C to 25°C
Jaisalmer is very hot in the summers. Summer season persists from April to August.
The daytime temperature remains very high and usually touches around 42°C. Nights
are relatively cooler typical of arid desert climate and the temperature comes down
to as low as 25 °C.
Winter 24 °C to 7 °C
Winters in Jaisalmer are a lot cooler with day temperature remaining pleasant around
24°C. Nights are chilly with temperature getting as low as 7 to 8°C. The
winter falls around Mid-November and continues till February end.
Best time to visit: October to March
Area: 38,401 sq. Kilometers
Population: 5 Lacks 8000 aprox.
Language spoken: Rajasthani, Hindi and Urdu |
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Jaisalmer limestone is extensively used for exquisite artistic
work. Yellow marble of excellent quality, easily polished and carved, is available
at Jaisalmer.
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